Environnemental Science/ Écologie
Éléments de Environnemental Science
Description
Éléments de Environnemental Science is an easy approach to learn complex environment . Le book is useful pour everyone studying et interested en understanding de natural Environnement.It covers le entire dimensions de environmental science,providing concise,explanation de various processes et human impacts sur environment. Le natural earth, together avec all de its countries et people is complex et human activity can have unexpected consequences that are hard to reverse. Le study de how physical et biological processes maintain life, et how humans affect nature, requires a broad interdisciplinary approach. Major current environmental problems de present era may include climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, et resource depletion etc. Environnemental problems et their associated solutions typically involve social, political et economic aspects pour which common man must be aware of. That is why le dedicated learning de environment is important. It is only by understanding how le world works that we can begin to tackle some de our stomach pressing problems. Environnemental science is a vast discipline. Thus le book attempts to deal scientific advancement en le field de environmental science et has been divided en 7 chapters seeing le nead de UG et PG students de Microbiologie,Biotechnologie,Botany et Environnemental Science students.Le book deals le Multidisciplinary Nature de Environnemental Études, Natural Resources, Ecosystems, Biodiversity et its conservation, Environnemental pollution, Social issues et le environment et Human population et le environment.
Table des matières
À propos de le Author, Acknowledgements, Preface, 1. Le Multidisciplinary Nature de Environnemental Études, 1.1. Defnition –1.2. Environnement terminology –1.3. Components de environment –1.4. Regulations driving le studies –1.5. Scope –1.6. Importance –1.7. Notable environmentlist –1.7.1. Notable environmental leaders –1.7.2. Notable environmental international scientists, – leaders et workers1.7.3. Notable environmental Indien scientists, –leaders et workers1.7.4. Institutions en environment –1.8.5. Amazing environmental scientists who are working –on climate change1.9. Major environmental movement en Inde –2.0. Need pour public awareness 3.0. Exercise –2. Natural Resources –2.1. Introduction à natural resources –2.2. Natural resources en Inde –1. General –2. Biotic resources –2.1. Forestry –2.2. Fish –2.3. Coal –2.4. Oil – 2.5. Natural gas –2.3. Abiotic resources –3.1. Metallic minerals 3.1.1. Copper –3.1.2. Zinc –3.1.3. Iron ore –3.1.4. Chromite –3.2. Non-metallic minerals –3.2.1. Garnet group –3.2.2. Wollastonite –3.2.3. Sillimanite group –3.2.4. Ilmenite –4. Minor minerals –4.1. Marble –4.2. Nuclear –3. Forest resources –3.1. Forest resources en Inde: Use, over exploitation, –deforestation causes et effects3.2. Timber extraction –3.3. Effects de timber extraction –3.4. Dams et their effects sur forests et tribal people –4. Eau resources –4.1. Use et over-utilization de surface et ground water –4.2. Floods et drought –4.3. Conflicts over water –4.3.1. Histoire de le dispute –4.3.2. Post independence developments –4.3.3. 1970s –4.3.4. 1980s –4.3.4.1. Le constitution de le tribunal –4.3.4.2. Interim award et le riots –4.3.4.3. Le crisis de 1995–1996 –4.3 4.4. Constitution de le CRUn –4.3.4.5. Events during 2002 –4.3.4.5.1. CRUn meeting et le supreme court order –4.3.4.5.2. Demonstrations –4.3.4.6. 2011 - Reports sur water situation en –Tamil Nadu4.3.4.7. 2012 –4.3.4.8. Indien government notifies cauvery water –dispute tribunal4.3.4.9. Temporary supervisory committee –4.4. Dams-benefits et problems –5. Mineral resources: Definition, types, use et exploitation –5.1. Environnemental effects de extracting et using –mineral resources, case studies6. Alimentation resources –6.1. Monde food problems – 6.2. Changes caused by agriculture et overgrazing –6.3. Effects de modern agriculture –6.4. Fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, – salinity, case studies7. Énergie resources, growing energy needs, renewable –and non-renewable energy sources7.1. Alternate energy sources –1. Definitions –2. Histoire –2.1. Coal as an alternative to wood –2.2. Petroleum as an alternative to whale oil –2.3. Ethanol as analternative to fossil fuels –2.4. Coal gasification as an alternative to petroleum –3. Common types de alternative energy –4. Enabling technologies –5. Renewable energy vs non-renewable energy –5.1. Ecologically friendly alternatives –6. Relatively new concepts pour alternative energy –6.1. Carbon-neutral et negative fuels –6.2. Algae fuel –6.3. Biomass briquettes –6.3.1. Biogas digestion 6.4. Biologique hydrogen production –6.5. Hydroelectricity –6.6. Offshore wind –6.7. Marine et hydrokinetic energy –6.8. Thorium –8. Land resources: Land as a resource –8.1. Land degradation, man induced landslides, – soil erosion et desertification8.2. Role de an individual en conservation de natural –resources8.3. Equitable use de resources pour sustainable lifestyles –9. Exercises –3. Ecosystems –1. Ecosystems: Concept, Structure et Functions de –Ecosystems2. Producers, consumers et decomposers –3. Énergie flow en le ecosystem –4. Ecological succession –5. Alimentation chains –6. Alimentation webs –7. Ecological pyramids –8. Introduction,types, characteristic features, structure et – function de le following ecosystem8.1. Forest ecosystem –8.2. Grassland ecosystem –8.3. Desert ecosystem –8.4. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, – ocean estuaries)8.5. Exercises –4. Biodiversity et its Conservation –. Introduction –1.1. Definition –1.2. Types de Biodiversity –1.2.1. Génétique –1.2.2. Species –1.2.3. Ecosystem diversity –2. Biogeographical classification de Inde –3. Value de biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, –social, ethical aesthetic et option values4. Biodiversity at global, national et local levels –5. Inde as a mega-diversity nation –6. Hot-spots de biodiversity –7. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching de wildlife, –man wildlife conflicts8. Endangered et endemic species de Inde –9. Conservation de biodiversity: in-situ et ex-situ –conservation de biodiversity10. Exercises –5. Environnemental Pollution –1. Defnition –2. Causes, effects et control measures of; –2.1. Air pollution –2.2. Eau pollution –2.3. Soil et soil pollution –2.4. Marine pollution –2.5. Noise pollution –2.6. Thermal pollution –2.7. Nuclear pollution –2.8. Solid waste management; causes, effects et control –measures de urban et industrial wastes2.9. Role de individual en prevention de pollution –3. Pollution case studies –4. Disaster management; Floods, earthquake, cyclone, – agricultural drought, forest fire et landslides5. Exercises, 6. Social Issues et le Environnement –6.1. From unsustainable to sustainable development –6.2. Urban problems related to energy –6.3. Eau conservation, rain water harvesting, –watershed management6.4. Resettlement et rehabilitation de people; its problems – et concerns et case studies6.5. Environnemental ethics; issues et possible solutions –6.6. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer – depletion, nuclear accidents et holocaust6.7. Wasteland reclamation –6.8. Consumerism et waste products –6.9. Environnemental protection act –6.10. Air (prevention et control de pollution) act 6.11. Eau (prevention et control de pollution) act –6.12. Faune protection act –6.13. Forest conservation act –6.14. Issues involved en enforcement de environmental – legislation6.15. Public awareness –6.16. Exercises –7. Human Population et le Environnement –1. Population growth, variation among nations –2. Population explosion-family welfare programmes –3. Environnement et human health –4. Human rights –1. Histoire de le concept –1.1. 1th–18th century –1.2. 192. Philosophy –2.1. Criticism –3. Classification –3.1. Indivisibility –3.2. Categorization –3.3. Three generations –4. International protection et promotion –4.1. United nations charter –4.2. Universal declaration de human rights –4.3. International treaties –4.4. Customary international law –4.5. International humanitarian law – 4.6. United nations system 4.6.1. Political bodies – 4.6.1.1. Security council –4.6.1.2. General assembly –4.6.1.3. Human rights council –4.6.2. Treaty bodies –4.7. Regional human rights regimes –5. Non-governmental actors –5.1. Non-governmental organizations –5.2. Human rights defenders –5.3. Corporations –6. Violations –7. Substantive rights –7.1. Right to life –7.2. Freedom from torture –7.3. Freedom from slavery –7.4. Right to a fair trial7.5. Freedom de speech –7.6. Freedom de thought, conscience et religion –7.7. Freedom de movement –7.8. Rights debates –7.8.1. Right to keep et bear arms –7.8.2. Future generations –7.8.3. Sexual orientation et gender identity –7.8.4. Trade –7.8.5. Eau7.8.6. Sexual et reproductive rights –7.8.7. Monde Health Organization –7.8.8. Information et communication technologies –7.8.9. Right to Non-refoulement vs. Right to asylum –5. Value education –6. HIV/AIDS –7. Femmes et child welfare –8. Role de information technology en environment et –human health –9. Case studies –10. Exercises –Subject Index –